Making an Argument about War

Making an Argument about War War history specialists, political investigators and scientists have exhibited proof that war is as old as humankind. In ancient period, civic establishments used to participate in outfitted clash energized by elements, for example, populace pressure, union of geological zones and struggle over assets (McPherson 12).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Making an Argument about War explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Presently, nations despite everything take part in war for some different reasons that were missing during the ancient time, for example, battling fear based oppression, driving authoritarian political systems out of intensity, and preventing different nations from creating weapons of mass devastation. Discussion has been wide-running about the need of war in the 21st century, with against war advocates contending that war is certifiably not an essential fixing to the movement of man (Landry para. 3), while war supporters neutralize b y contending that war is essential for the progression and dependability of the world. It is against this foundation that this paper plans to diagram contentions exhibiting that war is as yet vital in the 21st century notwithstanding its social, financial and political expenses. It is in reality evident that demonstrations of war pointlessly guarantee numerous honest lives, especially regular folks who are trapped in the crossfire and who have literally nothing to do with the war. The U.S. intrusion of Iraq to unstick Saddam Hussein takes the stand concerning this reality as a huge number of blameless Iraqis lost their lives while a lot more were injured. The financial expense of the Second Gulf War is difficult to measure for both the trespassers and the aggressed country. Yet, from the utilitarian point of view, the Iraq war is defended since it accomplished a more prominent great to countless Iraqis, not referencing that the world by and large and the Middle East specifically tur ned out to be progressively steady after Saddam was ousted and another political request established (McPherson 15). Today, a lot more Iraqis appreciate an entirely different scope of opportunities and rights that they couldn't set out to solicit under the domineering initiative from Saddam Hussein. Therefore, this war was defended by the goodness of the way that most Iraqis would now be able to make the most of their law based rights and human rights, and individuals are no longer pressured to live in dread. Some political pioneers, particularly in Africa, have been known to decline to hand over force considerably subsequent to filling in as presidents for a considerable length of time. As of late, the world scholarly with stun how Tunisians have been exposed to a similar president, Ben Ali, for more than two-and-half decades.Advertising Looking for paper on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Presently, NATO powe rs are occupied with expelling one more political rabble rouser for the sake of Muammar Gaddafi of Libya, who has been in power for more than four decades however has straight would not surrender power. Utilizing the jus promotion bellum (admirable motivation) point of view (Suzuki 3), it very well may be contended that NATO powers are advocated to take an interest in such a war, that will profit Libyans, financially, socially, and strategically, when the substantial cover of the their domineering president is lifted. Nonetheless, essential alert should be taken when advancing such a hostile to guarantee, that Gaddafi warriors and his army bases, not regular citizens, become the objective of the NATO bombings. This will make the military battle and some other military crusades embraced to oust static and resolute political systems progressively advocated, passable and legitimate. The U.S. is as of now occupied with undertaking preemptive assaults against fear monger focuses in Afgha nistan, Iraq and in different pieces of the world. Pundits, human rights activists and other anteroom bunches have reprimanded these preemptive assaults, contending that they just add to loss of lives and decimation of framework. It is flippant to help this line of contention while deliberately ignoring on what came to pass for guiltless Americans in the scandalous 9/11 fear based oppressor assaults on U.S. soil. As indicated by the consequentialism see, the U.S., and without a doubt some other nation, is advocated to take up arms against psychological oppressors utilizing preemptive assaults to destabilize the fear systems since such a strategy will event the best generally speaking parity of good over awful (Suzuki 9). Despite the fact that it’s miserable that a couple of guiltless lives are lost during such preemptive assaults, the craving to forestall hundreds or even a huge number of honest lives that these psychological oppressors are holding up with goaded expansivenes s to demolish renders legitimization to the war. In conclusion, a few nations are known to assault their neighbors so as to compellingly extricate valuable common assets from them. It very well may be recollected that Iraq under Saddam Hussein assaulted Kuwait for her gas, while Uganda, situated in Africa, sent her soldiers to the Democratic Republic of Congo to strongly separate gold and precious stones. In such intrusions, the aggressed states are defended to do battle against the aggressors to secure their assets. Getting from the customary view, â€Å"†¦war is passable if and just on the off chance that it is battled as being important to guard the assaulted party from aggression† (Suzuki 5). It is in this way untrustworthy for an aggressed state to kick back and watch her regular folks being slaughtered by an assailant who is just keen on removing or ‘stealing’ assets for advancement. To finish up, this paper has thoroughly drawn in the utilitarian, adm irable motivation, consequentialist, and conventional points of view to legitimize that war is as yet important in current occasions. War starts brutality, which is commonly impermissible in its tendency and degree (Suzuki 4).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Making an Argument about War explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reasons given for doing battle, in any case, weigh intensely on the quest for a tranquil and stable world. Pioneers and nations accordingly should be especially mindful so as not to mess with elements, conditions or circumstances that may render legitimization to war. Landry, P. â€Å"On War.† 2011. Recovered from blupete.com/Literature/Essays/BluePete/War.htm McPherson, J.M. This Mighty Scourge: Perspectives on the Civil War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007 Suzuki, M. War and Massacre. 2006

Dr. Francis Townsend, Old Age Public Pension Organizer

Dr. Francis Townsend, Old Age Public Pension Organizer Dr. Francis Everitt Townsend, naturally introduced to a poor homestead family, filled in as a doctor and wellbeing supplier. During the Great Depression, when Townsend himself was in retirement age, he got keen on how the government could give mature age benefits. His undertaking roused the 1935 Social Security Act, which he discovered deficient. Life and Profession Francis Townsend was conceived on January 13, 1867, on a ranch in Illinois. At the point when he was a youthful his family moved to Nebraska, where he was taught through two years of secondary school. In 1887, he left school and moved to California with his sibling, wanting to become quite wealthy in the Los Angeles land blast. Rather, he lost nearly everything. Crestfallen, he returnedâ to Nebraska and completed secondary school, at that point started to cultivate in Kansas. Afterward, he began clinical school in Omaha, financing his training while at the same time functioning as a sales rep. After he graduated, Townsend went to work in South Dakota operating at a profit Hills area, at that point some portion of the wilderness. He wedded a widow, Minnie Brogue, who worked asâ a nurture. They had three kids and received a little girl. In 1917, when World War I started, Townsend enrolled as a clinical official in the army. He came back to South Dakota after the war, yet sick wellbeing exasperated by the cruel winter drove him to move to southern California. He got himself, in his clinical work on, contending with more established built up doctors and more youthful present day doctors, and he didn't do well monetarily. The appearance of the Great Depression cleared out his residual reserve funds. He had the option to acquire an arrangement as a wellbeing official in Long Beach, where he watched the impacts of the Depression, particularly on more seasoned Americans. At the point when an adjustment in neighborhood governmental issues prompted the loss of his activity, he wound up broke by and by. Townsend’s Old Age Revolving Pension Plan The Progressive Era had seen a few moves to set up mature age benefits and national medical coverage, yet with the Depression, numerous reformers concentrated on joblessness protection. In his late 60s, Townsend chose to take care of the money related destruction of the old poor. He imagined a program where the government would give a $200 every month annuity to each American beyond 60 a years old, saw this financed through a 2% charge on all business exchanges. The absolute expense would be more prominent than $20 billion per year, yet he considered the to be as an answer for the Depression. On the off chance that the beneficiaries were required to spend their $200 inside thirty days, he contemplated, this would essentially animate the economy, and make a â€Å"velocity effect,† finishing the Depression. The arrangement was condemned by numerous business analysts. Basically, a large portion of the national salary would be coordinated to the eight percent of the populace beyond 60 years old. Be that as it may, it was as yet an alluring arrangement, particularly to the more seasoned individuals who might profit. Townsend started to arrange around his Old Age Revolving Pension Plan (Townsend Plan) in September 1933 and included made a development inside months. Nearby gatherings composed Townsend Clubs to help the thought, and by January 1934, Townsend said 3,000 gatherings had started. He sold flyers, identifications, and different things, and financed a national week by week mailing. In mid-1935, Townsend said that there were 7,000 clubs with 2.25 million individuals, the greater part of them more seasoned individuals. An appeal drive carried 20 million marks to Congress. Floated by the tremendous help, Townsend addressed cheering groups as he voyaged, including to two national shows sorted out around the Townsend Plan. In 1935, energized by the enormous help for the Townsend thought, Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Dealâ passed the Social Security Act. Many in Congress, forced to help the Townsend Plan, favored having the option to help the Social Security Act, which just because gave a wellbeing net to Americans too old to even think about working. Townsend looked at this as an insufficient substitute and started furiously assaulting the Roosevelt administration. He got together with so much populists as the Rev. Gerald L. K. Smith and Huey Long’s Share Our Wealth Society, and with the Rev. Charles Coughlin’s National Union for Social Justice and Union Party. Townsend put a lot of vitality in the Union Party and sorting out voters to decide in favor of competitors who bolstered the Townsend Plan. He assessed that the Union Party would get 9 million votes in 1936, and when the real votes were not exactly a million, and Roosevelt was reappointed in an avalanche, Townsend relinquished gathering legislative issues. His political movement prompted struggle inside the positions of his supporters, including the documenting of certain claims. In 1937, Townsend was approached to affirm before the Senate on charges of debasement in the Townsend Plan development. At the point when he wouldn't respond to questions, he was indicted for disdain of Congress. Roosevelt, in spite of Townsend’s resistance to the New Deal and Roosevelt, drove Townsend’s 30-day sentence. Townsend kept on working for his arrangement, making changes to attempt to make it not so much shortsighted but rather more worthy to monetary examiners. His paper and national base camp proceeded. He met with presidents Truman and Eisenhower. He was all the while making addresses supporting change of mature age security programs, with crowds for the most part of the old, in the blink of an eye before he passed on September 1, 1960, in Los Angeles. In later years, during a period ofâ relative success, the development of government, state, and private annuities removed a significant part of the vitality from his development. Sources Richard L. Neuberger and Kelley Loe, An Army of the Aged. 1936.David H. Bennett. Revolutionaries in the Depression: American Radicals and the Union Party, 1932-1936. 1969.Abraham Holtzman. The Townsend Movement: A Political Study. 1963.

Essay Topics - Why it is the Strangest

Essay Topics - Why it is the StrangestThe Stranger by Thomas Pynchon is often a strange book, but when he is writing the stranger essay topics, his subject matter is one of the most unique in the entire world. He uses the stranger as a human expression, and there is so much more than just physical characteristics to consider. While being both strange and individual, it also has its share of innate goodness and virtue that is unknown to many others. This is the reason why this essay topic is a little different from the other essay topics.It is also a little bit different from any other essay topics. Whether we are talking about the literary elements, the primary aspect or the actual content, this subject is full of ambiance. It is definitely unique, and it is very difficult to describe. In fact, its uniqueness even justifies a different title to get rid of its usual subject name. It is the strangest of all.Because the Stranger is a difficult to understand literary object, the essay to pics are the most reliable source of how he writes about this literary subject. It is considered by many experts to be the very best of the bunch. It is like being able to review a text, but in this case, the review is true. As Thomas Pynchon has said, 'It's as if I can see the whole of that world through the eyes of that writer who never really believed.'The essay topics will have all the essential information to help the reader make sense of it. They will also contain some key information about the weirdness of the subject and the universal nature of its weirdness. There are so many things that might happen to those who read about the stranger. And it is this weirdness that makes this text different from any other essay topics.Pynchon is on record as saying that there is a certain number of details that cannot be conveyed through writing, because they can't be properly explained. We cannot simply mention or say that strange things happen to someone, we can only say that the reader should learn to look for them. The Stranger has no such information, and it doesn't make sense to try to describe or think about it.The Stranger essay topics are written in third person plural, which means that he is explaining a situation to a third person. This is important because it shows us how we should think of this literary object, and it is easy to see that the strangeness of the subject should be considered. At the same time, this allows the reader to know that someone is telling the story, or that an event or idea is going on.His fiction is almost always written in the third person, but you could say that he is telling a story to tell us about a specific event or idea. For example, at one point, we learn that the young Henry Dreyfus is picking flowers for his mother, when he is actually thinking about his father, who has just been killed in the crash. This happens quite often, and it is very hard to describe, but if you remember that it is about being an adult, you can p robably grasp this idea.When it comes to essay topics, the stranger is almost always portrayed in first person plural. The essay topics will give you an idea of what might happen, and will also give you the right information to know what you should be thinking of, in order to fully comprehend it. In the same way, you can take the stranger as your guide. You need to know what is the strangeness that can be seen in everyday life, and when it is about your life, you will be able to fully appreciate it.

ZZZZ Best Company How Does a Review Differ from an Audit

ZZZZ Best Company Case Ernst and Whitney never issued an audit opinion on financial statements of ZZZZ Best but did issue a review report on the company’s quarterly statements for the three months ended July 31, 1986. How does a review differ from an audit, particularly in terms of the level of assurance implied by the auditor’s report? While both a review and an audit are attestation services provided by CPAs. A review and an audit differ in that a review does not offer the level of assurance that an audit does, auditors do not look at as much evidence for a review as they would for an audit, and reviews cost less than an audit. SAS No106, â€Å"Audit Evidence†, identifies the principal â€Å"management assertions† that underlie a set of†¦show more content†¦And in the ZZZZ Best case the predecessor Greenspan was not contacted by the successor Ernst and Whitney, although Ernst and Whitney said they tried but wouldn’t disclose what they learned. Did the confidentiality agreement that Minkow required Ernst and Whitney to sign improperly limit the scope of the ZZZZ Best audit? Why or why not? Discuss general circumstances under which confidentiality concerns on the part of a client may properly affect audit planning decisions. At what point do client imposed audit scope limitations affect the type of audit opinion issued? Yes the agreement that Minkow insisted would have affected the scope of the audit, first they did not contact the predecessor auditor, according to Greenspan. The agreement limited the third parties they could contact, making it impossible to obtain outside records and confirm any other type of documents. Making the information given by Minkow totally unreliable. Audit scope limitations imposed by the client affect the opinions that an auditor can give: if the limitations are immaterial then the auditor may give an unqualified report; if the limitations are material, but don’t really affect the financial statements then the opinion given by the auditor may be a qualified opinion with explanations; if the limitations are so material that the financialShow MoreRelatedEssay on ZZZZ Best Company, Inc.: Case Study1340 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- ZZZ Best Company, Inc. ------------------------------------------------- Case Study 2 ------------------------------------------------- Due Date: March 30,2010 ZZZ Best, Case 1. Ernst amp; Whinney never issued an audit opinion on financial statements of ZZZZ Best but did issue a review report on the company’s quarterly statements for the three months ended July 31, 1986. How does a review differ from an audit, particularly in terms of the level of assuranceRead MoreAuditing Cases22626 Words   |  91 Pagesor as an illustration of effective or ineffective auditing. Reprinted by permission from Jay C. Thibodeau and Deborah Freier. Copyright  © Jay C. Thibodeau and Deborah Freier; all rights reserved. 1†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ ( Case 61  ® Enron Enrori’s First Few Years hi~ 1985 Enron had assets along the three major stages of the supply chain of nat ural gas: production, transmission, and distribution. Natural gas was produced from deposits found underground. The natural gas was transmitted via pipe lines, or networks

Capital Punishment Lethal Injection - 824 Words

Capital Punishment The death penalty is the punishment by lethal injection for committing serious criminal offenses. There are 32 states, including California, which has the death penalty and 18 states where the death penalty is illegal. The jury convicts when the death penalty is going to be used. The New York Times board, 19 expertise journalists, wrote an editorial titled â€Å"The Humane Death Penalty Charade†, discussing that people should be against capital punishment because it is torture and unhuman. In the beginning, it was about how every individual that is executed by lethal injection suffer massively. People like Charles Warner and Clayton Lockett were two of the many people who passed their last few minutes slowly suffering. Next, there are many people who are either for or against capital punishment, but the reasons either side give are the most commonly heard. For example, people who are in favor of capital punishment claim that executing a murderer is a method to make sure that they will never kill or hurt anyone else. On the other hand, people who are against capital punishment say that murdering a person is a crime, no matter who does it. As a final point, the opinion of Alex Kozinski, a federal appellate judge in California, towards the death penalty. The editorial board’s rhetoric was not successful because it omitted lots of key points to make the reader change their opinion about capital punishment. The audience for this editorial would be a public thatShow MoreRelatedLethal Injection Is A Violation Of Human Rights1541 Words   |  7 PagesIran† (A World Shift from Execution, 2001). Lethal injections have been administered for countless years in these countries. A lethal injection is the act of injecting sodium thiopental into the blood stream of a person. The medicine used and how it is administered is a major concern with lethal injections since they are used kill a person quickly. â€Å"Several states, including M issouri, Wyoming and Virginia are looking to alternatives to lethal injection, given the increasing difficulty of obtainingRead MoreIs Lethal Injection More Humane Than Hanging Or Firing Squad?815 Words   |  4 PagesChristison in 1846, lethal injection was later implemented for the first time in 1977 by American medical examiner Jay Chapman as a way to supplement previous forms of capital punishment seen as painful. This relatively new form of execution has been the primary form of capital punishment in five countries, including the United States, for about the past thirty years, but has come under much criticism in recent years for its presumed inhumane proceedings. Near fifteen hundred lethal injections have been performedRead MoreThe Execution Of An Inmate Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagesunusual punishments inflicted† (amend. XIII). considering the possibility of an execution going as badly as Lockett’s, we must ask if we are violating this amendment. The execution of an inmate is also likely to bring up issues of faith, Romans 12:18 states â€Å"leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the lord† (Rom. 12.18). Morality should determine where we go as a country, including the punishments we invoke. I researched the issue of lethal injectionRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is The Punishment Of Execution1247 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is the death penalty? The death penalty is the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. In the reading selection â€Å"The DEATH PENALTY in AMERICA† Bedau says that â€Å"The history of the death penalty in America can be useful if roughly divided into six epochs of very uneven duration and importance (3)†.The author is saying that the history of the death penalty can be usefully if it is separate into different time period. The author says â€Å"first, from theRead MoreCapital Punishment Is A Form Of Torture971 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment is nothing new; executions have taken place for centuries. Capital punishment is utilized throughout the world. Thirty-six countries currently use the death penalty in law and practice. One hundred and three countries have abolished the death pen alty completely. Whereas, six countries currently retain the death penalty for special circumstances, such as war crimes (CIA World Factbook). Whether capital punishment is an effective measure to curb future violent crimes is still debatedRead MoreThe Importance Of Self Administered Poisoning And Lethal Injection Approach843 Words   |  4 PagesHistorically, capital punishment through execution has been administered in various forms, prompted by the desire to conform to the ever-changing standards of decency. In Ancient Greece, as Plato exhibits the experience that Socrates went through. The condemned prisoners were given a poison (hemlock) to self-administer themselves on the day of execution. Such is different from the current system where the condemned prisoners are executed by lethal injection. This paper seeks to establish whetherRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1471 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Capital punishment is one of the most controversial ethical issues that our country faces these days. Capital punishment is the legal penalty of death for a person that has performed heinous acts in the eyes of the judicial system. Discussion on whether capital punishment is humane or considered cruel and unusual punishment has been the main issue this of debate for years. Recent discussion goes far beyond the act itself but now brings into question whether medical personal shouldRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The United States961 Words   |  4 Pages Capital Punishment in the United States For centuries, capital punishment has been used as a consequence of capital crime. Criminals who have committed such crimes are subject to facing the death penalty. Pickens shares, â€Å"Capital crimes are considered to be treason or terrorist attacks against the government, crimes against property when life is threatened, and crimes against a person that may include murder, assault, and robberyRead MoreDeath Penalty Argumentative Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pages or capital punishment, is the execution of an offender that is sentenced to death by a court of law for a criminal offense.   This type of punishment for inmates is involved in controversy over whether or not it is an acceptable form of punishment for criminals and also whether or not it is immoral.   There are many arguments for both sides of the debate, each making valid points and pointing out the flaws of the opposing position. Many religions are either for or against capital punishment, dueRead MoreThe Debate O f Capital Punishment1313 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment Introduction The state of California has carried out 13 executions since the enactment of capital punishment in 1992 (NAACP, 2016, 10). According to the NAACP winter quarterly report, there are currently 743 prisoners on death row (NAACP, 2016, 39). Since the enactment, there has been a wide range of political debate. The largest concern is in regards to the number of wrongful convictions and its philosophical underpinnings. The citizens in California are as diverse as their

Bacterial Concentration and Diversity Free Essays

The objective of this particular paper was to study the results that were extracted when bacterial communities were formed. These bacterial communities were formed through the process of the reproducibility of small volume of repeat sampling from replicate bioreactors with stabilized continuous-flow chicken cecal bacterial communities. The results referring to the bacterial concentration and diversity were then analyzed by phenotypic, biochemical and ribotype analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Bacterial Concentration and Diversity or any similar topic only for you Order Now To grow bacteria a stable environment is the most essential requirement this stable and a constant environment is known as steady-state conditions. This allows bacterial cultures to be obtained in a reproducible manner for batch consistency. The cultural efficacy was determined by taking an assumption that the aliquot taken from the cultures were identical and therefore did not overall affect the results to be determined by the particular experiment (bacterial culture). Mixed samples of avian cecal material were used to establish replicate bioreactor cultures. Repetitive samplings of the planktonic components were done to determine if all aliquots had the like bacterial contents within the same bioreactor. Consistency was seen during this repetitive sampling process but changes were seen in the specific composition of the resulting communities that initiated from one supply of cecal assortment. These are the basis on which the whole experiment and the methodology are based on. METHODOLOGY: †¢ Bioreactor and Sampling Design: The cecal contents were extracted from 150 birds (chicken) and then thoroughly mixed under sterile anaerobic conditions. Three replicate bioreactors (Bioflo ® 110 Fermentor/Bioreactor, New Brunswick Scientific Co, Inc. , Edison, NJ) were used. The steady-state conditions were maintained by keeping the cultures under continuous-flow conditions at a flow rate of 0. 8 ml/min and also flushed with carbon dioxide that was free of any oxygen. For the first 48 hours the pH of the bioreactor was maintained to a stable 6. 2  ± 0. 3. Then for 3 weeks the cultures were allowed to reach equilibrium the planktonic component was sampled 11 times during this 3 weeks period. After this period 1ml aliquots were collected for analysis. i. e. pH measurement , bacterial isolation etc. †¢ Bacterial Isolation and Preliminary Identification: The material obtained from the bioreactor was sampled and some of the bacterial cultures obtained were quantified by growth of a 10? l aliquot on selective media in triplicate. The triplicate had a 5% sheep blood and was used to determine hemolytic reactions and for the recovery and the enumeration of the aerobic microbial species. The identification and the isolation of the aerobic bacteria was done by streaking the 10  µl aliquots onto TS-blood agar , Brilliant Green Agar, BGA; Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD), CHROMagar E. coli and Orientation, MacConkey, mEnterococcus, and Rogosa plates. These plates were then incubated for 24 hours at thirty seven degrees. Likewise anaerobic bacteria were isolated too but the streaking was done onto Brucella-blood agar, Phenylethyl alcohol agar (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD), Veillonella, and BBE plates. The plates were then incubated anaerobically for 48-72hours at the same temperature. These bacteria were also tested for aero tolerance. †¢ Enumeration: The total aerobic and anaerobic population levels were enumerated by serial dilation onto TS-blood agar, MacConkey, mEnterococcus agars or Brucella-blood agar plates, respectively. †¢ Ribotype Characterization: Isolates from the bacterial lawns were collected and analyzed by using RiboPrinter ® Microbial Characterization System following the manufacturer’s instruction using lytic enzymes. Endonuclease EcoRI was used to cleave the DNA and gel electrophoresis was used to separate the fragments and analysis was done using a modern hybridization blotting technique. The DNA hybridized was labeled rRNA operon prob derived from Escherichia coli, and the bands were detected by chemiluminescence. The image formed was captured and transferred to the RMCS database and data were normalized to a standard marker set. The images were compared with the 6448 EcoRI riboprint patterns in the DuPont database and a 900 EcoRI riboprint pattern custom in-house database (USDA, ARS, College Station, TX). †¢ Data Analysis: For each set of combined cecal material the above mentioned 3 replicate bioreactor were established. These were then analyzed for enumeration and characterization (eleven per bioreactor). The statistics were represented in tabular form. Commercially available software was used to analyze and calculate data. Differences in cfu/ml were compared among the replicate bioreactors. MAIN RESULT: The collecting of bacteria cultures or any other organism is greatly affected by the sample size and the frequency of organisms being sampled in a particular environment. Some of the processes or the methods described above also have limitations due to different constraints that govern their working e. g. enumeration. Enumeration of bacteria is affected by many factors including individual species growth rates, fitness of each competing species etc. therefore the bacteria produced or grown in a selective media maybe less productive when exposed to competition from many other species in a non-selective media culture. The probability of collection is greatly affected by the spatial distribution of organisms. As a rule the sampling requirement must increase as the degree of unit aggregation increases. Enumeration is also affected by aggregation and may account for some of the variation reported in the bacterial quantification. Therefore considerations should be given to the sampling size when using aliquots for inoculation from cultures with known aggregating species. An important thing to mention here that whatever the sampling technique is used there are also certain limitations associated with sampling. It is not only quite difficult to harvest all species comprehensively but our present technological inability also creates a hindrance because we are unable to artificially culture all bacterial species. It was also seen that the efficiency of detection of pathogenic bacteria is affected by dilution i. e. a lower efficiency of detection was achieved where the prevalence of the target bacteria was diluted. A threshold quantity of specific bacteria maybe required for the proper mix. Adjustments in population density, adhesion and diversity which occur during culturing period greatly affects this observation. CONCLUSION: The aim of this study or experiment was to determine reproducibility of small volume repeat sampling with the help of a bioreactor. Basically bacterial concentration and diversity were the two important factors that were being concentrated these two quantities were analyzed within stabalised continuous-flow chicken cecal bacterial communities initiated by replicate aliquots taken from thoroughly mixed samples. Pooled cecal material was created from layer chicks to establish the bioreactors. After a steady-state was reached the plankton components were sampled repetitively for three weeks and was then characterized by phenotypic, biochemical and ribotype analysis. No notable differences were found in the bacterial concentrations that came from the same bioreactor. Differences were found in bioreactors initiated from the same stock material. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Tawni L Crippen, Cynthia L Sheffield, Kathleen Andrews, Roy Bongaerts, and David J Nisbet, (2008), Bacterial Concentration and Diversity within Repetitive Aliquots Collected from Replicate Continuous-Flow Bioreactor Culture, Open Microbiol J. 2008; 2: 60–65, published online 2008 May 23. http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi? artid=2593035tool=pmcentrez How to cite Bacterial Concentration and Diversity, Papers

Support Learning Activities free essay sample

Identify own strengths and weaknesses in relation to supporting learning activities and how these may impact on the support that can be provided. Two Strengths Two Weaknesses Organisation Not knowing all the students and their individual needs. Advance planning Not knowing the best way to help individuals Impact on the support that you can provide Impact on the support that you can provide Everything that is needed is at hand. Makes some situations more difficult to deal with. Help keep to a tight budget and lessons are fully ready to go ahead. Need to ask the teacher ahead of lessons, this is rectifiable with experience. Give an example of how you used your own knowledge of the learners and the curriculum to contribute to the teachers planning. Knowledge of the learner used to contribute to the teachers planning Knowledge of the curriculum used to contribute to the teachers planning Good knowledge of cooking and recipes and knowing how to dilute them where necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Support Learning Activities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Familiar with the teachers medium and term plans which helps choosing recipes and creates a smooth transition between lessons 1. 4 How do you obtain the information required to support learning activities? Objectives Resources Own Role Room/Time Other? Looking at schemes of work and lesson plans Going shopping and sourcing materials Directed by Teacher Based in one room Working with constant change 1. 5 Identify and agree with the teacher the opportunities for using information and communication technology to support learning – please give one example when this has happened. I create worksheets, produce power points, create spreadsheets to monitor tracking and resource materials online on a daily basis. 2. 1 Please give an example of how you have selected and prepared resources required for a lesson of your choice in the course of this week. I cut fabric for textiles technology; I researched a recipe for the BTEC students and created the power point to support it. I made a shopping list to buy the ingredients and will then go to the shops to purchase the items in the morning for the lesson. 2. 2 Could you describe what you did when you had to adapt resources to meet the needs of learners; For lower ability groups I may have to peel and chop the vegetables for them rather than leave them to do it. 2. 3 Please list 3 things which (in your opinion) are the most important to ensure the learning environment meet relevant health, safety security and access requirements Keeping fire exits clear and free of clutter. Ensuring there are ramps/wide doorways for wheelchair access Vigilance at the reception to ensure only the correct people are coming and going. 3. 1Could you list your 3 favourite learning support strategies which you use to meet the needs of learners; Getting students to repeat back to me what they are needed to do to ensure they have listened. Physically showing them what is expected i. e. when peeling a potato etc giving a demonstration. Encouraging good behaviour using praise and positive language. 3. 2 Could you give 2 skills/techniques to engage and motivate learners; By using positive language and praise. Giving Merits 3. 3Could you give ways of supporting learners to develop: literacy skills, numeracy skills, ICT skills; Literacy Numeracy ICT Helping with spelling. Using physical clocks and money. Designing Menus Writing for a non writer to copy. Educationcity Cool Maths Games 3. 4 Can you describe 2 sorts of problems that might occur when supporting learning activities and how to deal with these; Problem Solution Student burns/cuts themselves Administer First Aid – possibly walk student down to medical room Classroom can get too hot due to cookers/stoves Open window and doors to create ventilation. 4. 1 Can you list 2 skills/techniques which you use to monitor learners responses to learning activities; Gestures or body language Asking them questions 4. 2 Please give examples of methods you used today to assess how well learners are participating in activities and the progress that they are making; Participation Progress Observation Work being completed on time Look at how much they are completing in given time frames Keeping students motivated and focused on the task 4. 3 How do you record observations and assessments of learner participation and progress? What is the format used at your school? Participation Progress Tracking of all work completed in lessons Marking work – sending cooking home Keep up to date IEPs Communication with the subject teacher 5. 1 Describe the importance of evaluating learning activities; To monitor accurately what the students are achieving and to help them see that targets are achievable. 5. 2 Can you give an example of what ‘a constructive feedback on learning activities in discussion with a teacher’ might include; Good atmosphere in the lesson, students stayed focused and the work set was completed to a good standard. 5.3 Please identify 2 difficulties which you have encountered in supporting the learning activities today; Students not concentrating in lesson Silly behaviour when using hot/sharp tools 5. 4 What did you include in your verbal report which you provided to the teacher whom you support? Which students worked well together and which ones didn’t, at what point the co ncentration started lacking and what the students really seemed to have enjoyed. 6. 1 Please identify ways in which your knowledge, understanding and skills in literacy, numeracy and ICT impact on your practice as a Teaching and Learning Support Practitioner; My knowledge, understanding and skills in; May impact on my practice in the following way; Literacy; Putting together work packs Writing shopping lists Reading up on recipes and new cooking methods Ensuring lessons are fully prepared and keeping up to date with ways that can help the learners Numeracy; Working to a tight budget Weighing out ingredients Creating FNS tests Ensuring there is no overspend and by making sure all learners have the correct amount of ingredients to cook with. ICT; Use of the interactive white boards Creating power points for lessons Creating worksheets and packs for lessons Ensuring the visual instructions for lessons are clear, concise and relevant. Making sure worksheets make the task interesting and more interactive. 6. 2 How can you improve your own knowledge, understanding and skills in literacy, numeracy and ICT? I can improve my literacy skills by†¦ I can improve my maths skills by†¦ I can improve my ICT skills by†¦ To attend relevant courses and learn from methods other people may use. To attend relevant courses and learn from methods other people may use. To attend relevant courses and learn from methods other people may use.