11 Popular Romance Tropes †and How to Make Them New Again

11 Popular Romance Tropes - and How to Make Them New Again 11 Popular Romance Tropes - and How to Make Them New Again â€Å"And they lived happily ever after.† This line alone should give you an idea that this article is talking about the romance genre. And while a Happily Ever After is really a non-optional feature of the genre, authors can choose to incorporate romance tropes to provide readers with instantly recognizable markers that help them immediately relate to the love story at hand.Tropes are plot devices, characters, images, or themes that are incorporated so frequently in a genre that they’re seen as conventional. â€Å"Trope† is often seen as a dirty word, because it feels interchangeable with the word â€Å"clichà ©.† And while authors shouldn’t simply duplicate story formulas that have proven popular, incorporating tropes can provide a signal to readers about what kind of book they’re dealing with. At their core, tropes are really just things that are familiar. And people enjoy the familiar.So if you’re an aspiring romance writer, do yo urself a favor by getting acquainted with the popular romance tropes out there. It will help you get an idea of what romance readers already like, and will help you write stories that feel refreshing and new. You can start with this list! 10 of the most popular romance tropes - and how to make them new again Character Development: How to Write Characters Your Readers Won't Forget Read post Develop unique characters, write meet-cutes that resonate with the theme of your story, pepper your narrative arc with conflict and tension that feel real. Most of all, pay attention to the love story you’re writing, and work on developing that in a way that draws readers in and encourages emotional investment. Finally, evaluate whether you’re using a trope simply because you know readers like it, or because it adds value to your story. There’s nothing wrong with including elements you know readers love, so long as it enhances the story in one way or another.With love, ReedsyIf you want even more amazing tropes, check out the following Reedsy Discovery posts on romance:The 25 Best Romance Authors (And Their Must-Reads)30+ Best Young Adult Romance Books That You Can't Miss Out On40+ Paranormal Romance Books with BiteAnd let us know your own favorite tropes in the comments!  Ã°Å¸â€™â€"

Dengue Fever Essays

Dengue Fever Essays Dengue Fever Essay Dengue Fever Essay In subtropical and tropical regions, the dengue virus represents a major threat to human health. The microorganisms natural hosts include mosquitoes, lower primates, and humans. Infection of the human host results in a biphasic fever with the potential to evolve into severe hemorrhagic disease. Over the past few decades, the virus genome structure, viral proteins, and viral antigens have been well characterized. Unfortunately though, the precise mechanisms by which the dengue virus causes disease remain unknown. Throughout history, major dengue fever epidemics have generally occurred at irregular intervals within the range of the mosquito vector. For instance, in 1922, one such epidemic may have affected between 1 and 2 million people in the southern United States. At present, dengue fever may cause more human morbidity and mortality than any other arthropod-borne viral disease (Henchal Putnak, 1990, pp. 376-396). The dengue viruses are currently endemic in most tropical areas of the world (Lanciotti, Lewis, Gubler, Trent, 1994, p. 65). It has been estimated that there could be as many as 100 million cases of dengue infection every year (Halstead, 1988, p. 476). The only natural hosts for dengue virus infections are mosquitoes, lower primates (e. g. , chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, and macaques), and humans. Dengue Fever Dengue fever is a flu-like viral disease common throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, mainly in urban and peri-urban areas. Today, it afflicts an estimated 50 million to 100 million in the tropics (Epstein, 2000). The virus has four antigenically related serotypes, which are named DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. Each dengue serotype is a variation of the flavivrus genus. Dengue is spread by the aedes aegypti, a domestic, day-biting mosquito that prefers to bite humans. Currently, there is no vaccine available to prevent dengue. Each type of the dengue virus is re-emerging worldwide, especially in the Western Hemisphere. Research has shown that several factors are contributing to the resurgence of dengue fever such as uncontrolled urbanization, increased international travel, substandard socio-economical conditions, and finally global warming. Global warming has shown to be a major contributor o the spread of dengue fever. On a molecular level, dengue fever is classified as a flavivirus and appears as a spherical particle, about 40 to 50 nanometers in diameter Dengue fever Dengue fever, also known as break bone fever, is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by the dengue virus. Typical symptoms include headache, a petechial rash, and muscle and joint pains; in a small proportion the dis ease progresses to life-threatening complications such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Dengue is usually transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, and rarely Aedes albopictus. The virus has four different serotypes, and an infection with one usually gives lifelong immunity to it but only short-term immunity to the others. There is currently no available vaccine, but outbreaks can be prevented by reducing the habitat and number of mosquitoes, and limiting exposure to bites. Treatment of acute dengue is supportive, using either oral or intravenous rehydration for mild or moderate disease and blood transfusions for more severe cases. Rates of infection have increased dramatically over the last 50 years with approximate 50–100  million people being infected yearly. The disease has become global and is currently endemic in more than 110  countries with 2. 5  billion people living in areas where it is prevalent. Classification The World Health Organizations 2009 classification divides dengue fever into two groups: uncomplicated and severe. [1][2] This replaces the 1997 WHO classification, which was simplified as it was found to be too restrictive, but the older classification is still widely used. [2] The 1997 classification divided dengue into undifferentiated fever, dengue fever, and dengue hemorrhagic fever. 3] Dengue hemorrhagic fever was subdivided further into four grades (grade I–IV), with the two most severe being classified as dengue shock syndrome. [2] Signs and symptoms Infections from dengue virus range from asymptomatic, to a simple fever, to life threatening. [1] The incubation period (time between exposure and onset of symptoms) is 4–10 days. Most infections are very mild, and many probably experience no symptoms at all. [1][4] Most commonly symptoms include: sudden onset fever, headache (typically behind the eyes), muscle and joint pains, and a rash; the nickname break-bone fever comes from the associated muscle and joints pains. 1] If fever or other symptoms developed more than 14  days after returning from an endemic area, dengue is very unlikely. [3] The course of infection may be divided into three phases: febrile, critical, and recovery. [5] The febrile phase involves high fevers, frequently over 40  Ã‚ °C (104  Ã‚ °F) and associated with generalized pain and a headache; this usually lasts 2–7  days. [5] Flushed skin and some petechia (point-like hemorrhages in the skin) may occur at this point. [5] The critical phase follows the resolution of the high fevers and typically lasts one to two days. 5] During this phase there may be significant fluid accumulation into the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity due to increased capillary permeability and leakage. This leads to depletion of fluid from the circulation and decreased blood supply to vital organs. [5] During this phase, organ dysfunction and severe bleeding (typically from the gastrointestinal tract) may occur. [3][5] Shock and hemorrhage occurs in less than 5% of all cases of dengue. [3] Those who have previously been infected with other serotypes of dengue (secondary infection) have an increased risk of developing severe complications. 3][6] The recovery phase occurs next if the person survives with resorption of the edematous fluids. [5] The improvement is often striking, but there may be striking itching and a slow heart rate. [3][5] It is during this stage that a fluid overload state may present with symptoms of cerebral edema such as an altered level of consciousness or seizures. [3] Prevention There are currently no approved vaccines for the dengue virus. [1] Prevention thus depends on control of and protection from the bites of the mosquito that transmits it. [7][17] The primary method of controlling Ae. aegypti is by eliminating its habitats. 7] This may be done by emptying containers of water or by adding insecticides or biological control agents to these areas. [7] Reducing open collections of water through environmental modification is the preferred method of control, given the concerns of negative health effect from insecticides and greater logistical difficulties with control agents. [7] People may prevent mosquito bites by wearing clothing that fully covers the skin and/or the application of insect repellent (DEET being the most effective). [8] There are ongoing programs working on a dengue vaccine to cover all four serotypes. 17] One of the concerns is, that a vaccine may increase the risk of severe disease through antibody-dependent enhancement. [18] The ideal vaccine is safe, effective after one or two injections, covers all serotypes, does not contribute to ADE, is easily transported and stored, and is both affordable and cost-effective. [18] A number of vaccines are currently undergoing testing. [13][18][19] It is hoped that the first products will be commercially available as early as 2015. Warning signs[2] Abdominal pain Ongoing vomiting Liver enlargement Mucosal bleeding High hematocrit with low platelets Lethargic Flood In Pakistan 2010 Flood In Pakistan The devastating flood in Pakistan had destroyed more than half of the economy of the country. The country which was already facing several other crises including terrorism,poverty,corruption,illiteracy    has now hit by another challenge in the form of flood. At this crucial time ,the world has pledge to help Pakistan in any form . U. N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon arrived in Pakistan on Sunday August 16 2010    to boost relief efforts as concerns grew about the 20 million people made homeless in one of the worst disasters to hit the country. Authorities said more flood surges were coursing down the River Indus and other waterways in southern Sindh province and were expected to peak later Sunday, causing fresh deluges. The river, which in better times irrigates the crops of millions of farmers, is 15 miles (25 kilometers) wide at some points- 25 times wider than during normal monsoon seasons. The United Nations said the rate of diarrheal disease continued to increase among survivors. Cholera, which can spread rapidly after floods and other disasters, had also been detected in the northwest, where the floods first hit more than two weeks ago. About 1,500 people have died in the disaster and more than 7. 9 million acres (3. 2 million hectares) of cotton, sugar cane and wheat crops destroyed. The International Monetary Fund has warned of dire economic consequences in a country already reliant on foreign aid to keep its economy afloat and one key to the U. S. -led war against al-Qaida and the Taliban. People are hesitating to give fund to Government    because of the corruption allegations against government as it was also seen at the time of Earth Quake disaster five years back.

Property Management in New Delhi-India Coursework

Property Management in New Delhi-India - Coursework Example According to the economic time's report, DFL- a real estate developer in New Delhi-India, is planning to outsource property management to third parties. It is close to coming into agreement and signing a contract with some companies to manage its commercial and retail spaces. The DFL enjoys ownership of huge commercial and retail space in the Indian capital and outside. From these properties, they earn good revenue that enables them to run its activities. Despite the huge revenues, they have accrued a debt which they have been trying to reduce by selling non-core assets (Sharma, 2013). Transfer of property management to third parties has several advantages accrued. It will facilitate the addition of value to the existing property, which can be achieved through proper maintenance of the buildings. This will, in turn, save the reputation of the property developer which is at risk (Sharma, 2013). Leasing, remittance or statutory dues and other related areas facilitate services for the property management. This will help real estate investors manage their assets without overdependence from family and/or friends. The transfer has also encouraged small parties and companies to capitalize on the opportunity to invest in specific asset category, hence thereof, earning periodical income. Above all, it will help salvage the debt shadow that they are currently being covered in (Sharma, 2013). On the coins other side, acts such as leasing or resale of buildings would sound costly to the real estate provider. For instance, an old building sold will not have the same income as when the building would have been renovated and rented to a tenant. Also leasing an apartment may end up in the hands of the wrong company. Such companies would provide fewer quality services as expected, which will, in turn, tarnish the name of the real owner. In addition, leasing or selling a property will, in the long run, result in a reduction of the company's revenues.  

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Final - Essay Example Driven by the need to nurture my abilities and address my weaknesses I have focused on the resources addressed throughout this semester. Throughout the course, I have realized that I have what it takes to be a leader. This has been informed by various leadership tests I have taken and the reasonably high scores I have registered. However, lack of a guide and a model through which I can nurture the requisite skills has been a major challenge. All the same, I can now recognize a leadership theory that provides a rationale on what I need to work on to be a respectable and inspiring leader. This theory has also been critical in providing a means through which I can construct certain strategies that would provide a means of developing the attributes associated with the type of leader I envision. Authentic leadership theory is a contemporary leadership theory. It emerged in the late 1990s from a broad field of scientific inquiry that highlights positive organizational phenomena leading to enhanced human well-being (Marquis & Huston, 2009). The theory enforces that for one to be considered a leader he must be true to himself and his values and act accordingly. This explains why some scholars also refer to it as congruent theory this is because the leader must match his activities, deeds and actions with his values, beliefs and principles. There are five characteristics which differentiate an authentic leader with the other leaders. The first characteristic is purpose. An authentic leader understands clearly both his purpose and passion. This understanding is nurtured by an ongoing process of self reflection and self awareness. The second characteristic is values, an authentic leader has a clear link between purpose and passion as this is informed and sustained by a clear matc h with his beliefs and actions (Nichols, 2008). The other characteristic is heart an authentic leader looks after his own affairs and has a genuine concern for the

Ladies AdvoCare Organization Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ladies AdvoCare Organization - Term Paper Example The human mind realizes that it was much better off as a farmer, peasant, labor, and that all the free time and the relaxed atmosphere it now has does nothing but makes his life harder. In such a situation, a capable mind thinks of making most of the resources it has, namely, the technological advancement and the free time that it brings with it. The leaders of this era take up the scientific discoveries and use them to ease the lives of their fellow men in areas that most closely affect the efficiency of the human mind. One such group of today’s leaders is AdvoCare (2012). ...After all, there are hundreds of such franchises which claim the similar benefits may be cheaper rates. How AdvoCare then stands out? Well, it distinguishes itself from others in plenty of ways. First, AdvoCare (2012) is a well-endorsed company. Some of the most eminent sportsmen and award-winning athletes of the country regard it. Not only are these people using and getting benefit out of AdvoCare produ cts but also publicly recommend it to their fans and audiences. AdvoCare’s market is expansive and caters to people from a broad array of professions. some of the fields with notable champions using AdvoCare products are sports such as baseball, basketball, bodybuilding, Football Quarterback Club, football, golf, hockey, mixed martial arts, soccer, motorsports, entertainment and numerous other world-class leaders (AdvoCare, 2012). People like â€Å"World Champion Sprinter, Veronica Campbell, Medal Bobsled Drive, Steven Holcomb, and Crossfit Champion, Mary Beth Litsheim are one of the most prominent endorsers of the company† (AdvoCare, 2012). No other famous company has this much endorsement from these many relevant celebrities who do not only recommend AdvoCare on-screen but are regular users of AdvoCare products off-screen as well. This is the prime reason why AdvoCare has an edge over other competitors. Secondly, scientists whose credibility stays unchallenged design AdvoCare products. The excellent results of AdvoCare products come from the notable professionals from spheres of nutrition, pharmacology, biology, kinesiology, and medicine  working relentlessly to design and manufacture products that best meet the demands of AdvoCare customers.

NHS and Community Care Act | Critiques

NHS and Community Care Act | Critiques Community Care is really care by families which is really care by women; and it always will be! Discuss Introduction When Margaret Thatcher came to power in the late 1970s one of her Government’s primary aims was to roll back the welfare state and cut spending on services. They argued that state services, and the health service in particular, were inefficient and costly. They further maintained that the introduction of market principles into welfare provision would increase efficiency, provide better services, and reduce costs. The Conservatives were anti-institutionalisation and began closing geriatric wards and psychiatric hospitals. The 1982 Government White Paper Growing Older emphasised the role of the family and that the role of Government was to enable, rather than replace that care. There was an implicit assumption here that much of this care would be provided by women. Twigg (1993) maintains that the 1988 Griffith Report which advised on more effective use of Government funds for community care also recognised that public services would only have a role where community and family su pport had broken down. Large numbers of the elderly and the disabled have always been cared for in the community, the state took over where this became a burden and the Tories were keen to discourage too much state provision. In 1990 the NHS and Community Care Act was introduced where the state was no longer the sole provider of care. Community care is the term used for both social and health care. Voluntary and Charitable organisations would also play a part and care packages would be organised by local authorities. This might include provision of services in a person’s home, residential care, respite care, day care and family placements, sheltered housing and group homes and hostels. This Act placed a much greater burden of care on those professions associated with healthcare e.g. social work, and at the same time resulted in further inequalities as care provision differed depending on what region of the country a person was in. It was argued that this kind of care would al low individuals to live with dignity and independence in their own communities. This paper therefore, aims to assess the statement that Community Care is really care by families which is really care by women and it always will be. Under the terms of the 1990 Act, responsibility for care in the community became the responsibility of local authority social services. Each authority has a duty to publish its care plans and has a duty to assess all those people who might need care. It is the authority’s responsibility to provide care and to promote the work of voluntary and charitable organisations by purchasing care from them. Local authorities are also bound to establish a complaints procedure and have the responsibility of checking out care packages.[1] There have been a number of problems with the terms of the Act. Since 1993 the number of old people need support has continued to grow while NHS short and long term care has continued to shrink (Filinson, 1997). At the same time it is actually cheaper for social services departments to keep a person in residential care than to support them in their own home. New policies such as the Carers Representations and Services Act 1995 and the introduction of Direc t payments which were intended to empower users and give them greater choice have been implemented without all the additional resources. Thus demands for service have increased while budgets have remained much the same. While there has been a lot of rhetoric about the needs of pensioners the focus has, necessarily been on the user, and carers needs are largely ignored. Unell (1996) points out that changes in community care: †¦simultaneously raised the profile of carers and made their needs more difficult to meet in the short term (Unell, 1996:9). Community Care and Familial Obligation Since the 1970s there has been an increasing emphasis on care in the community and care within the family. This does not always work well and the greatest burden usually falls on those families with the least resources. Familial obligation is defined in law. In the UK it usually refers to the nuclear family of husband and wife, parents and children and benefits and taxes almost always recognise these relationships (Millar and Warman, 1996). The provision of services are intended to support, rather than take the place of the care and support that is expected of the family. Although Britain and most other European countries give some recognition to gender equality much policy making stems from post-war understandings within the welfare state, of the male breadwinner and the female housewife/carer. Community care and familial obligation are based on these hidden gendered assumptions. In Britain these obligations only extend downwards i.e. parental obligation to their children. In some c ountries adult children have familial obligation to their parents but this is not the case in the UK (Millar and Warman, 1996). In spite of this the decreasing number of acute hospital beds means that there are more older people with chronic conditions in the community. They receive care from the local authority in their own homes but in many instances they rely heavily on informal carers, usually members of the family. Informal care involves a number of different activities and relationships and has been explained in the following way. Informal care: †¦normally takes place in the context of family or marital relationships and is provided on an unpaid basis that draws on feelings of love, obligation and duty (Twigg, 1993:2). Thus, this kind of care normally occurs within the family and Kirk (1998) states that data from the General Household Survey tends to suggest that the bulk of this kind of care is undertaken by women. Phillips and Bernard (1995) maintain that the kind of caring that many women give are the difficult tasks of physical and personal care. These carers may also have contact with a range of other community services and district nurses who might be involved in the caring process. The meaning of community care changes over time and during the 1970s and 1980s policy in this area brought changes to services for people with disabilities, people with learning disabilities, and people suffering from the frailties of old age (Kirk, 1998). Cost concerns meant that many institutions were closed and care was focussed on the community. Lewis and Glennerster (1996) maintain that during the 1990a community care was a policy shift to aid spending cuts. There was a change from residential care for older people to care in the community. How successful the shift from residential care to care at home has been is, Wistoe (1995) maintains still unclear. In the 1990s health policies in the UK have focussed on primary care, this has come about because of cost concerns, demographic shifts and changing patterns of illness. Many services that were provided in hospitals are now operating in the primary sector. This has resulted in complex nursing care being undertaken in a domicilary context. Which shifts the burden of care to informal carers, usually female family members with the help of district nurses. In some cases informal carers and the person themselves undertake some tasks such as intravenous injections (Conway, 1996). Costain and Warner (1992) maintain that if this continues then more dependent people with complex, intensive needs will be cared for at home thus increasing the burden on the family and on community care services. Manthorpe (1994) points out that informal carers are gi ven little choice over their caring role and there is little respite as they are not often presented with an acceptable alternative. There has been little research into how this kind of caregiving affects family members although feminists (Abbott and Wallace, 1997) have expressed concern over the hidden assumptions underlying the concept of community care. The Feminist Critique of Community Care Feminists have focused on the informal caring that women do and which is often ignored by the professionals. Caring for an ageing or disabled relative for twenty four hours a day is bound to have an effect on women and yet there is little available help for respite.. Furthermore, the Community Care Act of 1990 has imposed further responsibilities on women in the role of informal carers (Abbott and Wallace, 1997). Based on the gender roles that existed in the welfare state, the discourses of health take it for granted that when members of their family are sick a woman will care for them. It assumes that women will put the needs of their children before their own. Health care is defined as care that is given by doctors, nurses, and other health professionals and the caring that women do in the home is recognised only as a part of the role that a woman plays in the home. Not only is her caring role invisible but the impact of shouldering the burden of caring is also ignored (Graham, 199 3). The Office for National Statistics reports that in 1995 there were three times the number of female informal carers to male carers. Watson et al (1999) maintain women, who are the primary care givers in the family actually negate the view that the responsibility of care should primarily be in institutional structures. This is because as wives and mothers, even if they are employed full time, they still give care to other family members. Walby (1990) contends that women have been oppressed because of their biology and this is evident in the healthcare system. However, patriarchal control of women operates through an inter-related set of structures and practices through which women are oppressed by men, the state is patriarchal in its policies and practices and its interests are biased towards men. Thus it is not surprising that implicit in discourses of care in the community is the view that women will shoulder the burden of care. Abbott and Wallace state that: While it is rarely given official recognition, and the tendency is to see paid health workers as the primary providers of health care, women provide most health care, within the confines of the family (Abbott and Wallace, 1997:170). Conclusion Care in the community is care in the home and feminists are right to suggest that this largely means care by women. The gendered nature of care giving needs to be re-examined if policy continues to shift the greater burden of care to the community. While there are such things as carer’s allowances these are very low and means tested, therefore many people do not claim them. There seems to be a stigma attached to the idea that people should claim allowances for long term care within the family. Perhaps a better option, once a person was assessed as needing long term community care would be an automatic payment for informal carers. It might also be useful if Government debate on care in the community lauded the work undertaken by informal carers and promoted a positive image of care within the family. Those families where men are the informal carers could, perhaps, be promoted as positive models for other men to follow. This might not only bring a shift in the implicit assumptio n that women will do the caring, but might give a broader and less stigmatised view of caring within the family. Assessment packages for long term informal carers should have regular respite care built into them so that carers get a regular break. Free community nursing care and domicilary care should be provided so that informal carers can go on holiday without having to worry about what was happening at home. Government may be keen to establish policies that shift even more care into the community but should also recognise that truly cost effective care takes account of all eventualities. At present it seems as though the notion that problems may arise in informal care settings is ignored, so that when these problems do occur it actually costs more to rectify than if an allowance for such eventualities was made in the first place. Too much strain is placed on many women because of the expectation that they will be informal carers, community care, it would seem needs much more care ful planning than is presently the case. References Abbott and Wallace, 1997 An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist Perspectives. London, Routledge Conway A.1996 Home intravenous therapy for bronchiectasis patients. Nursing Times 92(45), 34 35 Costain D. Warner M.1992From Hospital to Home Care: The Potential for Acute Service Provision in the Home. Kings Fund Centre, London Filinson, R. (1997) ‘Legislating community care: the British experience, with U.S. comparisons’, The Gerontologist, 37,3: 333-140. Giddens, 2001. 4th ed. Sociology. Cambridge, Polity Press Graham, H. 1993 Hardship and Health in Women’s Lives Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Griffiths, R. (1988) Community Care: An Agenda for Action. A Report to the Secretary of State for Social Services, London: HMSO. Kirk, S. 1998 â€Å"Trends in community care and patient participation: Implications for the roles of informal carers and community nurses in the United Kingdom† Journal of Advanced Nursing Vol 28 August 1998 Issue 2 p.370 Lewis J. Glennerster H.1996Implementing the New Community Care. Open University Press, Milton Keynes. Manthorpe J.1994 The family and informal care. In Implementing Community Care (Malin N. ed.), Open University Press, Milton Keynes Millar, J. and Warman A. 1996 Family Obligations in Europe Family Policies Centre in association with Joseph Rowntree Foundation Moore, S. Scourfield, P. Sinclair, S. Burch, S. and Wendon, B. 3rd ed. 2002 Social Welfare Alive Cheltenham, Nelson Thornes. Phillips J. Bernard M.1995 Perspectives on caring. In Working Carers (Phillips J. ed.), Avebury, Aldershot. Twigg, J. (1993) ‘Integrating carers in to the service system: six strategic responses’, Ageing and Society, 13: 141-170. Unell, J. (1996) The Carers Impact Experiment, London: King’s Fund Publishing. . Walby,S. 1990. Theorising Patriarchy. Blackwell, Oxford. Walsh, I ed. 2000 Sociology: Making Sense of Society. Edinburgh, Prentice Hall. 1 [1] http://www.infosci.org/MS-UK-MSSoc/pubcca.html

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The Great Gatsby   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story of Great Gatsby there are many diverse individuals which make themselves heard in the book. Tom Buchanan is the one character that the reader loves to hate. He represents the materialistic views in and around the Jazz era. The question at hand is to consider the character and role of Tom Buchanan in the story. How is the reader meant to respond to this character. To answer the question Tom must be broken down and investigated in an in-depth manner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The era the action takes place in is known as the Jazz era. It is well known as a very superficial time period. Tom is known as a very superficial character. Although Tom is well known as a wealthy man who seems to have the whole world at his beck and call. Despite his advantages which he has received in life it does not reflect his image which is ugly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People are constantly striving to be like him because of his social status. He is the apex of the society, a very powerful individual, with enormous wealth. He is openly aggressive towards people especially his wife whom he is abusive towards. He also shows abusive actions towards his mistress Myrtle when he meets with her in New York. Tom believes solely that he is more important than anyone else. He also has much hate towards Gatsby when he first meets him, since Tom is particularly jealous of Gatsby's wealthiness over his own. We see his jealousy when he gets a favour from a friend in New York City to look into Jay Gatsby and the life he has led.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reader develops much hate towards Mr. Buchanan when we learn of his mistress. His disprovement grows when he strikes her across the face and severely hurts her for no apparent reason. His rude attitude towards others are also taken to heart when Tom is seen out in public trying to show off for his friend Nick Caraway of how much of a man he can be.

Ethical Issues Surrounding Walmart

Ethical issues surrounding Wal-Mart Ronald L. Reeves Columbia Southern University Ethical issues surrounding Wal-Mart Sam Walton, founded Wal-Mart over forty years ago, where it started as a five-and-ten store in Bentonville, Arkansas (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Since then it has become one of the largest retail stores in the world, with an estimated annual sales of close to $300 billion (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). His business philosophy was to provide low prices to its customers everyday (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009).With such tremendous success in profits and growth, it has also brought many challenges relating to ethical issues in regards to; off-the-clock-work, sexual discrimination, health benefits, the role of unions, use of illegal aliens, and issues relating to child and labor laws. It is the intent of this case study to identify the ethical issues Wal-Mart has faced, as well as, discuss four questions of thought. Off-the-Clock-WorkFrom 2000 to 2007, Wal-Mart has been in cou rt facing numerous law suits, in which they have paid out millions of dollars, for violation of laws surrounding non-payment of overtime compensation to its employees (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Several employees claimed that managers required them to work off the clock by requiring them to work after punching out their time card (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). If the employee refused to work after their shift and off the clock, then they would be threatened with termination of employment.One of the many complaints include the use of â€Å"lock-ins† (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). According to Stanwick and Stanwick (2009) they stated, â€Å"Managers would lock the doors after the store had closed and would force the workers to stay in the store until all the work had been completed† (p. 410). Employees were also told that if they could not complete their assigned work in their eight hour shift, that they would have to remain at work, off the clock, until their work was comp lete.It was evident that the mangers had no respect or appreciation for the employees, who should have been valued as stakeholders that contributed to the success of the store. Sexual Discrimination In 2001, Wal-Mart faced a lawsuit with regards to sexual discrimination for not promoting women to managerial positions and for not paying them a wage equivalent to what the male employees were making (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Some of the facts that supported the lawsuit include; 65% of the hourly employees and 33% of the managers were women, and on average women received 6. % less in wages than their male counterparts received (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). One example of discrimination included a female employe being told that a man was promoted over her, who was qualified, because the man had to support his family (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Another example of discrimination was when a women was told that a man was paid more becauase according to the Bible, Adam came before Eve. The managers involved in these and other sexual discrimination cases included in this lawsuit made poor ethical decsions by discriminating against its female employees.Health Benefits Stanwick and Stanwick (2009) mentioned, â€Å"In 2003 Wal-Mart’s policy of lower costs in every part of its operation was highlighted based on the type of health benefits that it offered to its employees† (p. 413). New employees had to wait six months before being eligible for the health care benefit, and retirees were not allowed to keep their benefit (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Wal-Mart’s payout for employee healthcare benefits in 2002, were 40% lower than the average that all companies in the U. S. ere paying and 30% less than their competive retailers (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). In an effort to keep health care costs down, Wal-Mart recommended to the board of directors that it should hire more part time employees and try to discourage unhealthy employees by requiring all employe e’s responsibilities to include some type of physical activity (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). It is evident that Wal-Mart’s board of directors and upper management were more concerned with profit than the welfare of the employees. The Role of the UnionsIn an effort to keep low prices for its customers, Wal-Mart kept its labor cost low (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). There has been a constant battle between Wal-Mart and its employees, who wanted to create a union. The purpose of the union was to ensure that employees, who were members of the union, would receive a wage that was competitive to others in the workforce. Stanwick and Stanwick (2009) stated, â€Å"In 2002 a comparison of wages for unionized workers and Wal-Mart employees showed that unionized Kroger employees would get four to five dollars an hour more than the Wal-Mart employees† (pgs. 15-416). It was discovered that Wal-Mart would discourage employees from forming unions, by firing those that promoted it (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Of the contrary, the Wal-Marts in China were allowed to have unions, as they received pressure from the All-China Federation of Trade Unions which is belived to be apart of Chinese Communist Government (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Use of Illegal Aliens In an efforet to keep their costs low everyday for its customers, Wal-Mart used a campaign slogan of â€Å"Roll Back the Prices,† but agian it came at the sacrifices of its employees.Wal-Mart outsourced to third party contractors to hire janitors to clean its stores afterhours (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). To keep cost down, these third party contractors, with Wal-Mart’s knowledge, hired illegal aliens to clean the stores afterhours (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). This was discovered after federal agents, from the Immigration Servive, raided sixty Wal-Mart stores in an operations called â€Å"Operation Rollback,† in 2003 (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009).As a result of the raid, more than 250 i llegal aliens were arrested, and Wal-Mart faced thiteen felony indictments and paid $5 million dollars in fines (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Some of the illegal aliens also filed lawsuits that claimed they were forced to work every night and did not receive compensation for overtime (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). This was not only a violation of federal law, it also showed a lack of the citizenship principle where every employee should respect the law (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009).Child and other Labor Laws From 2000-2005, Wal-Mart was faced with fines and lawsuits pertaining to violations of child and labor laws. It was identified by audits, that employees under the age of eighteen were working past midnight, working during school hours, and working more than eight hours a day (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Discovered were employees under the age of eighteen operating machinery that was dangerous, which included chainsaws and cardboard balers (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009).Also, exposed wer e employees who were not taking their breaks or given time off for a meal period (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Questions for Thought 1. Are the ethical issues Wal-Mart faces really any different from other large retailers? I don’t think the ethical issues facing Wal-Mart are any different than that of its competitors. I do believe though that since Wal-Mart is considered the largest retailer and it promises to keep the lowest prices everyday for its customers that they are misusing the reliability principle of taking care of its employees.Stanwick and Stanwick (2009) stated, â€Å"Traditional violations of the reliability principle would include breaching a promise or contract or not fulfilling a promised action† (p. 9). An example of this is when Wal-Mart managers did not pay their employees for working overtime. 2. Wal-Mart officials have stated that they don’t feel women are interested in management positions at the company. Do you agree or disagree? I disagre e. Based on the case study, it seems to me that women are discouraged from seeking positions in management through sexual discrimination.If women were not oppressed by comments such as a man needing the promotion over a qualified woman because he needed to support his family, or that a man works at Wal-Mart for a career and women do not, then they may feel more competitive for managerial positions (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Wal-Mart’s managers in this case demonstrated a failure in the dignity principle by not respecting all of its employees (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). 3. Wal-Mart is continually criticized for its health care policy. Is this really and ethical issue?Why or why not? I do not think that Wal-Mart’s health care policy is unethical and meets the requirement of the fairness principle. Of the four types of fairness’s: reciprocal, distributive, fair competition, and procedural fairness, they demonstrate the distributive fairness (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). They do provide both part time and full time employees with a choice to enroll in its health care policy and at different levels of coverage (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). The also have provided a health savings account for its employees.Stanwick and Stanwick (2009) stated, â€Å"In a Wal-Mart survey of 220,000 employees, it was found that 90% were covered using Wal-Mart’s health insurance† (p. 415). The 10% that did not have their insurance were either covered under their spouse’s insurance, insured by Medicaid, or through a military health insurance plan (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). 4. Should Wal-Mart be concerned about unionization of stores since allowing unionization of workers in China? Wal-Mart should be concerned about unionization in stores outside of China, as they have allowed it in China.This is a double standard that is not fair to the other Wal-Mart employees throughout the world. The case study identified that employees who were in favor of a union were either discouraged or terminated (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). The National Labor Relations Board, ordered Wal-Mart in 2003 to negotiate with former employees of the meat market, whom formed a union, to bring back the meat department that was originally closed when the employees formed a union (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009).This thought encompasses the values of the fairness principle, with regards to the reciprocal fairness (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Wal-Mart should address the thought of a union fairly as the employees seek a way to have competitive wages. Conclusion While Wal-Mart is considered to be one of the highest grossing retailers in the world, which strives to offer the lowest prices everyday to its customers, it has done so by adversely affecting their employees.The management’s efforts to keep prices down resulted in poor ethical choices which resulted in employees being forced to work beyond their normal working hours and not be compensated for their overtime. In addition, many employees were forced to work during their breaks or denied mealtime breaks, in which they were not compensated for either. Sexual discrimination was also an issue, as women were discouraged or discriminated against for seeking management level positions.Although Wal-Mart did offer health benefits to its employees, they were questionable and came at a high cost for low paid employees. Wal-Mart also set a double standard by allowing its stores in China to have a union, while it discouraged or terminated employees in other parts of the world who were in favor of developing a union. Child labor laws were another issue for Wal-Mart, as they required employees under the age of eighteen to work late at night, working during school hours, working more than eight hours a day, and operating dangerous equipment in some of its stores.The results of their unethical acts and violations of federal laws, has caused Wal-Mart to review its policies and identify ways to im prove its ethical principles concerning the treatment of its employees. Stanwick and Stanwick (2009) mentioned, â€Å"The managers at Wal-Mart agreed to meet with the ten rank-and-file workers every week from each of its 4,000 stores to get employee feedback† (p. 419). This program that Wal-Mart created is called â€Å"Associates out Front† (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2009). Reference Stanwick, P. A. , & Stanwick, S. D. (2009). Understanding business ethics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson-Prentice Hall.

The Academic Nature and Standards of School

It could be said the A. S. Neill began the reformation of liberal education when he founded Summerhill Free School in 1921. The academic nature was opposite of a standard school where students have a variety of classes that they are expected to attend. The voluntary attendance, absence of order as well as adult authority are just a few things that characterize Summerhill. Students are expected to gain more of an educational wealth by learning basic concepts of self-esteem, tolerance, integrity, fairness, and understanding rather than math quations and science functions. Because Summerhill is so popular and unique, it has received enormous amounts of criticism. Consequently, the Free School has been a victim to numerous According to Kristi Ruark from the website Summerhill School, Neill was just the fourth of 13 children, grew up under the stern hand of his schoolmaster father who ran his classroom with an iron rod (Ruark). Neil believed he could expand his pupils minds and horizons by providing a comfortable learning atmosphere where students can learn what they are interested in ompared to fixed schedules and classes. At the age of twenty-five, Neill went to Edinburgh University and took a degree in English. Afterwards he became a journalist, and later head of a small school in Gretna Green. Here, he began to compose his first book, A Dominie's Log, and form his ideas on freedom for children. After a year in the school he wrote: â€Å"I have converted a hard-working school into a playground, and I rejoice. These brains have had a year of happiness and liberty. They have done what they liked; they have sung their songs while they were orking at graphs, they have eaten their sweets while they read their books, they have hung on my arms as we rambled along in search of artistic corners (Neil p. 88) . † By 1927, Neil had moved to a city in southern England where he, along with the help of his second wife, Ena, ran Summerhill until Neil's death in 1973 and Ena's retirement in 1985. Zoe Readhead, daughter of A. S. Neill, was left with no other choice but to continue running In a recent interview with Zoe Readhead, Jerry Doe raised the question of advantages to optional class attendance. Readhead then explained how it doesn't destroy your love for learning and how the things you do, you do because you want to do them. She then goes on to state â€Å"you can't have a friendly relationship with somebody and then force them to go to a class they don't want to go to (Martin). † Further along in the interview Readhead discusses the conflicts between Summerhill and the Educational Department that could result in a termination. Due to the release of the self-titled book about Free School Movement in the 60's, Summerhill was emerging. Even though, the school was receiving tremendous criticism about the lack of management in the classroom and skills that the young students obtain. The clause â€Å"Letting them (the students) do what they want will eventually result in effective learning† was not widely accepted. The HMI inspectors said it was totally unacceptable for children at the age of nine not to be able to read or write. Readhead's response to this was â€Å"If they don't want to go to class and they don't want to learn to read or write, then that's fine with us (Martin). According to John Gummer, MP, â€Å"People should have the right to decide on the education that they like for their children† (Summerhill). However, like her father, Zoe Readhead believes the Summerhill staff can educate a well-rounded student based on creative works rather than rigid discipline and formal pedagogy. The emphasis is still the same today as when Summerhill was established. The schools operate with few constraints on students or teachers, so students are free to plan and execute their own learning experiences, thus developing self discipline and responsibility. In turn, parents seem guided by Neill's philosophy and a concern that public schools were not meeting their children's needs. Like many alternative or free schools, Summerhill is small with a total enrollment of fewer than sixty along with a limited number of teachers. Summerhill and freedom are two word that fit harmoniously in a sentence. The phrase â€Å"freedom but not license† was coined by Neill. This basically meant that you are free to do as you wish just as long as you don't interfere with someone else's freedom. This independence allows the students to be self-motivated so learning is natural and enjoyable. They mature and become socially responsible without being taught moral values. Also, the freedom creates self respect for the children. They will know what they think is important so others will listen in addition to a tight wavelength bond between the two. Summerhill has now been running successfully for over seventy-five years. The school is first and foremost a place where children can learn at their own pace and maintain self-direction. It's gave children a happy learning environment, time to develop naturally, but most importantly, power over their own lives.

Merger and Acquisition Motives, Types and Strategies The WritePass Journal

Merger and Acquisition Motives, Types and Strategies Introduction: Merger and Acquisition Motives, Types and Strategies Introduction:Black Law dictionary defines mergers and acquisitions as the following:Merger:In the simplest form:Strategic consideration:Motives behind merger and acquisition: Acquisition: Types of mergers and acquisition:Sources of finance for business acquisition:Shares of company:   Debentures: Mortgages:Retained earnings:Government Assistance:Various methods to calculate cost of acquisition:Purchase method:Pooling of interest method:Analysis to estimate profitability of acquisition:Ratios analysis method:Cash flow analysis:   Why and which source of finance is better to reduce cost of acquisition:Example: Conclusion:References:Related Introduction: Now- a-days in a corporate finance world, the merger and acquisition plays prominent role. Merger and acquisition refers to corporate finance, corporate strategy and manages deals with buying, selling and combining companies to grow rapidly. They bring different small size companies together to form a larger company. Actually large size companies makes dare to buy small or other companies to create competition in market, to purchase shares at low price, to reduce cost and risk to achieve efficiency. The key principal behind the purchasing a company is to create over and above value of shareholders of the company. They may involve a single product with multiple technologies. Mergers and acquisition can be used to increase economies of scale and to reduce competition in the market and to improve share value in the market. Black Law dictionary defines mergers and acquisitions as the following: Merger: The union of two or more corporations by the transfer of property of all, to one of them, which continues in existence, the others being swallowed or merged Therein†¦ Acquisition: The act of becoming the owner of a certain property. In the simplest form: In merger, two firms comes together to run a single company by transfer of property is called merger. In merger, same size of companies merges together and establishes new company. In acquisition one company takes over the other company and the company holding majority of share becomes the owner of the company and swallows the other company. Strategic consideration: Strategic management is concerned with company’s environment, policies and goals of company but also manages operation activities. The strategic planning approach to acquisition implies economy of scale. It helps to recognize risks in management.   If the investments exploit risks opportunities and can be used for additional investments with positive net present values, the strategy succeeds. Motives behind merger and acquisition: It is cost efficiency. Company funds are properly utilized by establishing various strategies with scale of economy to keep In each and every company transportation takes place on regular basis by acquisition of corporate company we can reduce fright charges by purchasing a supply chain. By purchasing ware house we can reduce ware housing rent. Economics of scale, we need implement new technology for production according to demand and supply. Brand name  Ã‚   attracts customers to purchase a product and they need to fix price lower then competitors. Trend is changed so internet publicity about company, products they produce should be advertised on internet. Integration of operations also reduces the cost of acquisition. Cost low, high profits and automatically it increases share value of shareholders. By merging and acquiring profitable company with company which is in loss in order to offset profits by written off.   Manufactures buying out a ware housing chain in order to save on ware housing cost. It helps to reduce competitors by selling products at cheaper rate at good quality. By building strengths to improve the skills, managers need to give more dividends to the share holders and it automatically reduces the risk in management. Acquisition: Acquisition requires huge investment of capital. We actually invest capital by thinking that benefits of business concern runs for longer period of time by using the principals of accounting as going concern, consistency and accuracy. Acquisition helps to create value for company. Acquisition method helps to recognize value for intangible assets. Therefore financial statement shows relevant information with transparent Before that we need to study consolidated financial statement of purchasing company related to consideration made by assets, cash or other form of securities. Acquisition process is very complex highly influenced by internal and external factors. We need to secure assets of company by proper control. Types of mergers and acquisition: If smaller company acquires the management control of the larger company and keeps its name for the combined entity is called reverse takeover. It takes place when private company with good prospectus and eager to raise finance will acquire public listed company. Horizontal MA takes place when one company acquires other company from the same line of business. Vertical MA takes place if one business acquires other related chain of business in the organization. Conglomerate acquisition takes place if acquisition takes place between unrelated businesses. Hostile MA takes if one of the people is not interested to agree, then the purchasing company purchases from the share stock market and become the owner of that company. A company holding high shares becomes the owner. Friendly MA takes place when the same size of companies comes together with friendly nature with their willingness and accepted obligation to work. Sources of finance for business acquisition: When a company purchases other company the financial sources of current company may falls inadequate. It needs to find the source of finance to pay for acquisition of business. We can raise funds from there internal and external sources. Shares of company: By acquiring a company which listed first time in stock market, by issuing shares of this company we can raise funds. Deferred shareholders are going to get dividends after the expiry of certain period this also helps to raise funds. By issuing new shares to existing holder of shares or to the share holders of acquired company on pro-rata manner to keep not affected and it can raise finds easily. Other wise by selling shares in the share market and that money can be paid to the targeted company. Shares are of two types. They are equity shares or ordinary shares and preference share. Issuing of shares depends upon the policies of company.    Debentures: Debenture holders are known as creditors of the company and they are the first persons to receive interest whether business is running smoothly or not. There will be written acknowledgment containing provision of debt paid and capital need to repay or by selling debentures in the market and we can repay the cash to the targeted company.   The principal amount also needs to repay. We can raise finds from this source by taking high risk. Cash: Cash means liquid amount carried by company. It is a cheap source of finance with high reliability. If the company has enough money to pay for acquisition it is a best choice to reduce risk in management. Company becomes insolvent if there is no enough money to operate business. We need to maintain reserves every year so it helps us whenever we are in need. Mortgages: By keeping freehold property and other fixed assets as security company can raise funds and receive cash on loan usually repayable after specific period of time. Retained earnings: Retained earnings acts as source of funds by reinvesting profits that could have been paid to the shareholders of company. It is an attractive source of finance. It serves as self financing by giving reasonable dividend to the holders of shares. Bank lending: Lending is main function of the bank. It issues long term loans, short term loans and medium term loans and it also allows overdraft limited to the transaction with bank. Mortgage act as short term finance. Bank gives loans on turnover of business and credit worthiness of company and interest rate is adjusted with base lending movement rate. This helps to raise funds for acquisition. Government Assistance: Government grants cash and other subsidies to companies with an aim to develop economy by expanding stability in economy by establishing high standards of technology to provide employment opportunities. Government helps the company by providing various fund to takeover other company if it is going to develop economy. Various methods to calculate cost of acquisition: Calculation of acquisition is very difficult task and it is related to capital investment. We need to estimate and evaluate the costs and benefits of acquisition over a period of years; the most suitable method for this will be capital budgeting analysis. Most often we approach stock analysis because we purchase company with cash or securities for consideration. The audit report of acquired company helps acquiring company to take decisions. Acquisition of company requires huge amount of investment. So I suggest acquiring company to implement investment framework regarding various policies and procedures to be followed to reduce cost of acquisition and various tools to predict financial analysis. Therefore by keeping all this matters under consideration there are various methods to calculate cost of acquisition. Purchase method:   If the acquiring company purchases the assets of the company more than the face value. The difference is called goodwill. Goodwill appears in the financial statements on assets side. In this method we need to revaluate the net assets. We can acquire a company by making payment by cash, securities and combination of two. Pooling of interest method: In this method, we combine the balance sheets of both the companies at book value. This method doesn’t effects the company by acquiring the assets and liabilities. Therefore this method is no more exists. Analysis to estimate profitability of acquisition: Ratios analysis method: Ratio analysis plays a vital role while calculating profitability, working capital and to estimate share values of company. Mostly we use this method to calculate to know available funds. For calculation of acquisition cost price-to earnings ratio (P/E). It calculates market value per share by it s earning per share of Transferee Company. If it is most profitable then acquiring company can acquire it. Price to sales ratio helps us by dividing current price of stock with its revenue per share. Cash flow analysis:    Net present value analysis method is used to calculate present value of both companies and also jointly. It shows the present value of all future cash flows discounted at the cost of capital on present investment. Marginal value of an acquisition helps to know present value of shareholders. This will help us to calculate price and value of benefits. This are the various methods used to calculate cost of acquisition. I think cash flow analysis is best one to know whether the project is profitable or not. Different methods are used by different companies according to their operational and financing strategies. Why and which source of finance is better to reduce cost of acquisition: Mostly we acquire a business by cash, issue of shares or by debt instruments. They can be issued purely by cash, by share or by debt instruments or by combining any of them it is company choice. By issue of cash, it is cheaper source of finance with high reliability. If the company is having enough money then it can repay it fully by cash. There will be no interference in management. It helps to reduce risk of the management. The company becomes insolvent if there is no enough cash to operate. By issue of stock, we can raise money. But if we issue shares to the targeted company we need to pay dividend. They also interference in management and interrupts the smooth going work. If we issue huge shares the value of the shares comes down. By issue of debt stock, we need to pay interest with principal amount with in a period of time. I think it is not a good source to reduce cost of acquisition. According to me, I think combined issue of stock and cash will be the good source of finance. By issuing limited shares with cash we are going to own the targeted company. No interest rate. No interference in management. By keeping sum amount of cash aside for operating the business to runs smoothly and by issuing limited shares we can raise share value of company. Example: In 2005, NEWS CORP owned by Rupert Murdoch acquired MY SPACE   social networking site. NEWS CORP acquired MY SPACE for $580 million. At the time acquisition MY SPACE is fifth most visited internet. NEWS CORP acquired MY SPACE by seeing the demand for Google site in internet. It is conglomerate acquisition because they are from different industries. MY SPACE played a dominate role in social networking as well as in cybercafà ©. In 2007, NEW CORP revenue exceeded $28 million which hold news paper, magazines and television, radio and sports franchises. News Corp is one of the largest media with revenue exceeding $28 million in 2007 which holds books, news papers, magazines, and television, radio and sports franchises. MY SPACE revenue stood at $525 million in ads. In 2008, MY SPACE became a fast growing website in the world. After acquisition MY SPACE continued with its own culture and also empowered with additional resources in order to further growth. Therefore it is one of the suc cessful business combinations. BY acquiring my space, News Corp. possessed new sales and advertising channels and it is able to provide operational and financial resources. It became possible only by implementing proper corporate strategy to reduce cost of acquisition. I think they provided cash flow analysis to calculate cost of acquisition to know the net present value for future inflows on investment. Conclusion: Through this example, I conclude that proper strategic implementation helps the acquiring organization to succeed. Acquisition is capital budgeting process so firstly to acquire a company we need to check the credit worthiness of business through various sources of funds. I think sources of funds from the share holder and bank loans are best suitable to raise funds and I suggest that cash flow analysis is the best way to calculate cost of acquisition because this analysis helps us to find the net present values for investments and also internal rate of return on investment. An acquisition is said to be effective only when firm maintains financial flexibility and adaptability in management. Buying firms with assets helps to face competitiveness. They need to maintain additional finance not to forgone profitability project. References: Salter, Malcolm s., and wolf A. Weinhold. Diversification Through acquisition. New York: Free press, 1979, partII. Synergistic gains from corporate acquisition and their division between the stockholders of target and acquiring firms,† journal of financial economics, 21, 1988. Gaughan, Patrick A.  Mergers and Acquisitions. New York: Harper Collins, 1991. Carney, William J.  Mergers and Acquisitions.  New York: Foundation Press, 2000.

Chemistry - Fluoridation of Water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chemistry - Fluoridation of Water - Essay Example The world has realized the importance of regular fluoride intake. Hence there are many dental products are available in the markets that have fluoride as chief component. With the changing climatic conditions, high mobility rate of the population and availability of wide range of fluoridated products, people have started experiencing side effects of fluoride. Hence water fluoridation needed or not is still controversy. About Fluoridation Water fluoridation process is defined as â€Å"the adjustment of the natural fluoride concentration of fluoride-deficient water to the level recommended for optimal dental health† ("American Dental Association").Fluoride is an ionic form of Fluorine which is thirteenth naturally found element in the soil. Fluoride is abundant near the mountainous area where it can readily get dissolved with groundwater or surface water. Fluoride has great affinity towards calcium and hence found at the bones and teeth. ("Oral Health in America†).As per t he facts sheet released by American Dental Association (ADA), fluoride has capacity to reduce incidences of dental cavities in children up to 60% whereas for adults it is 30-35 %. (â€Å"American Dental Association†). ... Dr McKay was startled to see so many patients having brownish spots on their teeth. This was something he never experienced before. He kept observing such patients for almost 6 years while having discussions with fellow dentist but he failed to diagnose correctly. He started suspecting drinking water supply. Later on these mottled enamel stains were coined as â€Å"Colorado brown stain†. ("NIDCR") Further Dr McKay got opportunity to work with Dr G.V Black, who was a renowned Dental research scientist. They put immense efforts to solve brown stains mystery came up with two distinct findings. The first finding was children whose permanent teeth are yet to erupt are getting more affected with Colorado Brown Stains than the adults. Second finding was that brown stained or mottled enamel teeth are less susceptible to decay. In spite of so much of thesis both these geniuses could not identify the prime causative factor and continued doubting drinking water. Dr Black worked on the sa me topic till his death ("NIDCR"). Later on, in 1923, Dr McKay was invited to Oakley, Idaho to inspect some pediatric cases where children were having similar brown stains on their teeth. Parents told that brown stains appeared only after they started drinking water through newly created pipeline of nearby water source .Dr McKay asked the civilians to cut off this water supply and he got the hint that drinking water could be the probable cause of mottled enamel. Water samples were sent for lab investigations but there were no conclusive findings ("NIDCR"). In 1931, Dr. McKay and Dr Grover Kempf started investigating Bauxite water sample with the help of chemist of Mr. H.V Churchill. They conducted â€Å"photo spectrographic analysis† with the water sample couple of times to make sure the

SCM Software selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

SCM Software selection - Essay Example Build to order supply chain with zero inventory involves production of products on demand. Starbucks application involves the implementation cost that involves training the managers and operators of the supply chain to ensure that they are able to determine the demand to ensure that they are satisfied by the available supply. The integration in the continuous replenishment involves linking the manufacturing company with the suppliers to ensure there are adequate materials to meet the production needs. Build to order system with zero inventory involves cost that are incurred in training the system operators to enable them to determine the present demands in order to direct what needs to be produced. However, the most appropriate SCM software package for Bravo Company is the Starbucks system. This is because the application will enable the company to determine the appropriate delivery dates for its customers, solve the inventory problems by determining the right inventory levels for hard drives. It will also ensure that through synchronization and communication, the problem of trucks unavailability is solved, and that the procedures for customs clearance are made easier to ensure easily supply of